Health Organisations
ICSE Grade 10 Biology - Chapter 19
📚 Smart Summary
1. Introduction to Health Organisations
Health Organisations: Organizations that promote health, prevent diseases, and provide healthcare services.
Levels: (1) International, (2) National, (3) State, (4) Local.
Objectives: (1) Disease control, (2) Health education, (3) Research, (4) Emergency response, (5) Policy making.
Importance: Coordinate global health efforts, provide aid during crises, improve healthcare access.
2. World Health Organization (WHO)
WHO: Specialized agency of United Nations. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
Establishment: 1948. Motto: 'Health for All'.
Functions: (1) Sets health standards, (2) Coordinates international health work, (3) Provides technical assistance, (4) Monitors disease outbreaks, (5) Promotes research.
Key Programs: (1) Global Polio Eradication Initiative, (2) Tobacco control, (3) HIV/AIDS prevention, (4) Mental health initiatives.
COVID-19 Response: Led global efforts including vaccine distribution through COVAX.
World Health Day: April 7th every year.
Director General: Current: Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
3. Red Cross and Red Crescent
Red Cross: International humanitarian organization. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
Establishment: 1863 by Henry Dunant.
Functions: (1) Disaster relief, (2) Blood donation, (3) First aid training, (4) Refugee assistance, (5) Health services.
Structure: (1) International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC), (2) International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC), (3) National societies (Indian Red Cross).
Symbols: Red cross (Christian countries), Red crescent (Muslim countries), Red crystal (neutral).
Nobel Prizes: Received multiple Nobel Peace Prizes for humanitarian work.
Activities in India: Disaster management, blood banks, health camps, youth programs.
4. UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)
UNICEF: UN agency focused on children's rights and well-being. Headquarters: New York, USA.
Establishment: 1946 as United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.
Functions: (1) Child nutrition, (2) Immunization, (3) Education, (4) Protection from violence, (5) Emergency aid.
Key Programs: (1) Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in India, (2) Polio eradication, (3) HIV prevention in children.
Millennium Development Goals: Contributed to reducing child mortality and improving education.
Nobel Prize: Received Nobel Peace Prize in 1965.
5. National Health Organisations in India
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: Central government ministry. Formulates health policies.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR): Apex body for biomedical research. Coordinates research on diseases.
National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW): Training and research in public health.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS): Premier medical education and research institute.
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO): Controls HIV/AIDS in India.
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): Improves healthcare in rural areas.
6. State and Local Health Organisations
State Health Departments: Implement national health programs at state level.
District Health Offices: Manage healthcare in districts. Run primary health centers.
Primary Health Centers (PHCs): Basic healthcare in rural areas. Provide maternal and child health services.
Community Health Centers (CHCs): Referral centers with specialists.
Urban Health Posts: Healthcare in urban slums.
Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs): Community health workers in villages.
7. International Health Programs
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: Finances programs to combat these diseases.
GAVI Alliance: Improves access to vaccines in developing countries.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Funds global health initiatives, polio eradication, malaria control.
Doctors Without Borders (MSF): Provides medical aid in conflict zones and disasters.
Rotary International: Involved in polio eradication through PolioPlus program.
8. Role in Disease Control
Epidemic Management: Organizations coordinate response to outbreaks like Ebola, Zika, COVID-19.
Vaccine Development: WHO prequalifies vaccines, ensures safety and efficacy.
Health Education: Promote healthy behaviors, hygiene, nutrition.
Research and Development: Fund research for new drugs, vaccines, diagnostics.
Emergency Response: Provide aid during natural disasters, wars, refugee crises.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all.
🎯 Test Your Knowledge
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The headquarters of WHO is located in:
Knowledge2. The Red Cross was founded by:
Knowledge3. The symbol of Red Cross is:
Knowledge4. UNICEF focuses on:
Knowledge5. The year WHO was established is:
Knowledge6. The organization that provides first aid training is:
Knowledge7. The program for polio eradication is:
Knowledge8. The apex body for medical research in India is:
Knowledge9. Assertion (A): WHO declares global health emergencies. Reason (R): WHO monitors disease outbreaks worldwide.
Assertion-Reasoning10. The organization that works for HIV/AIDS control in India is:
Knowledge11. World Health Day is celebrated on:
Knowledge12. The organization that provides aid in conflict zones is:
Knowledge13. The rural healthcare program in India is:
Knowledge14. The current Director General of WHO is:
Knowledge15. The organization that received Nobel Peace Prize for humanitarian work is:
Knowledge